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The Public and Private key pair comprise of two uniquely related cryptographic keys (basically long random numbers). Below is an example of a Public Key:

3048 0241 00C9 18FA CF8D EB2D EFD5 FD37 89B9 E069 EA97 FC20 5E35 F577 EE31 C4FB C6E4 4811 7D86 BC8F BAFA 362F 922B F01B 2F40 C744 2654 C0DD 2881 D673 CA2B 4003 C266 E2CD CB02 0301 0001

The Public Key is what its name suggests - Public. It is made available to everyone via a publicly accessible repository or directory. On the other hand, the Private Key must remain confidential to its respective owner. Because the key pair is mathematically related, whatever is encrypted with a Public Key may only be decrypted by its corresponding Private Key and vice versa.

For example, if Bob wants to send sensitive data to Alice, and wants to be sure that only Alice may be able to read it, he will encrypt the data with Alice's Public Key. Only Alice has access to her corresponding Private Key and as a result is the only person with the capability of decrypting the encrypted data back into its original form.

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Q: What are public keys and private keys in networking?
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Related questions

What kind of encryption uses the concept of public keys?

Asymmetric encryption employs the use of public/private key pairs.


What is the default name and path for the file which stores ssh public keys to allow a client to login using public private key authentication?

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Asymmetric encryption uses at least 2 keys - hence the asymmetry. The keys for encryption and decryption are not the same, so they are not "symmetric". Usually only 2 keys are used - a public key and a private key. The public key is published to a key registry or sent separately to those the key-pair owner wants to communicate with. The private key is retained by the owner. Messages encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted using the public key. If the source of the public key is trusted, this provides some proof of the source of the message. Messages encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted using the private key - so only the owner of the private key should be able to decrypt messages encrypted with their own private key.


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