Air Pressure
Moisture
Electrical charge (One can measure it to certain degree, especially right before and during a thunderstorm)
Visibility
Airspeed
Temperature
Not sure if these below are considered atmospheric conditions though.
Acidity
Particle Density (pollution with particles, stone dust etc.)
atmosphere can be measured in barometers.
There is no atmosphere on Mercury
Graphs or Radar
The weather refers to the daily conditions of the atmosphere not the climate. Everyday weather can vary a lot.
Saturn has a liquid atmosphere and experiences constant storms
Yes. Light is measured in photons and it is quite evident that the atmosphere is transparent to light.
they poopy and sucky
Daily conditions of the atmosphere.
The earth's atmosphere comprises a volume of gases and that cannot be measured in square miles.
The earth is protected by the atmosphere which deflects some of the radiation that comes from the sun.
Weather is the awnser
it is hydrogen helium and metane