What potential long term effects could typhoid malaria have on the development of a child?

Answer 1

malaria is a disease which is spread by female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus passing along parasites. Though rare, it can be spread in other ways too such as through blood transfusions, needles, and saliva. The parasites are by eukaryotic protists of the Plasmodium genus. Most of the exact species responsible in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. malariae, and P. ovale. While P. vivax causes the most malaria infections, P. falciparum cases the most deaths. There seem to be a few other species of the parasite which humans share with certain monkeys. Except for P. knowlesi, the ones humans share with monkeys are of limited concern.

The parasites first infect the liver and then live and breed within red blood cells. This causes symptoms which continue to compound themselves until death. Typically within 8 to 25 days of infection, signs and symptoms begin. They include fever, sweating, headache, joint pain, rigor, chills, shivering, hemolytic anemia, vomiting, retinal damage, jaundice, convulsions, and hemoglobinuria (excessive hemoglobin in the urine). The symptoms are usually cyclical in nature, going from chills to rigidity and then to fever, occurring every 2-3 days, or a continuous lower grade fever. In children, there may also be abnormal posturing and brain damage. Neurological impairment is usually permanent.

Without treatment, death may occur. Severe cases progress to coma and even death. As many as one million people throughout the world die every year due to Malaria. It is widespread in subtropical and tropical regions around the equator. This includes Central and South America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer 2

Some of the long-term effects of typhoid are:

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Intestinal perforation

Infections

Psychiatric problems