What are the 8 Ps?

This question has already been answered however I am including now a 9th P.

In 1964 the original 4 P's were considered to be :

• Product
• Price
• Promotion
• Place

These four later had added:

• People
• Process
• Physical Evidence

These were added because the service sector had grown dramatically during the 1980's, 90's and 00's and the concentration on Product was less important than it had been in the 60's. The customer was now king and it focused the mind of the marketing team on the customer.

Now we have an 8 P which is Productivity, based around again the need to ensure the marketing mix is concentrating on the customer, because with productivity comes low costs which in turn will be passed down to customers.

However there is I believe a 9th P, this has come about due to the green or environmental issues surrounding services and product, so I add:

• Pollution

The car industry has taken this seriously and so the birth of the electric car, however even my Industry, Call Centre's are looking at this issue and by placing people in their own home to answer inbound calls we are reducing the carbon footprint. This is not a guess, the Carbon Trust through a Case study have proved that we, HomeCallCentre, have saved the IAS 93 tons of Carbon in a year.

There we have then the 9 P's, but remember this is part of the marketing mix, and not a substitute for market research in the first place to establish market needs etc.