The penalties are that you are subject to arrest and deportation at any time. Your visa would be cancelled (if caught) and it will be difficult to get another visa/overstay waiver. Finally, unless you marry a US citizen, you cannot adjust your status while you are an overstay.
you will have to be out for 10 years. there is no way back eexcept you chnage your name or get married to a US citizen
Technically, you can return to your country after overstaying your visa then return to the US. However, you must not that if you have been illegally present in the US for a long time, you will be barred from returning to the US for 3 or 10 years.
A person may visit the US without a tourist Visa in the following way: Under the 'Visa Waiver Program' or VWP, citizens of certain countries (36) do not need a visa under certain guidelines. A visitor or business traveler, with a correct passport, may stay in the US up to 90 days. Provided that: The person has not violated the terms of any past non immigrant visa (overstaying, etc)
You must contact the INS as soon as possible to change the category of her visa if they let you. If they don't, she should leave the country and pay penalty fees for overstaying their visa. After that, you should sponsor her and start immigration process so that she can move to the US.
A US tourist visa is needed to visit the US as a tourist. If merely changing planes in Japan, a Japanese visa is not required.
No.
There is the option for applying for a waiver using Form I-601. But as of today it is not in effect.Down the line this could be the option the alien can join with her husband and kid in US though she over stayed her visa earlier. Form I-601 is the application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility.
No. You need to apply for a separate US Visa.
Yes, unless you are already a US citizen you will need an immigrant visa that permits you to work, not a tourist visa.
US citizens don't need visas to enter the US, so it doesn't matter what kind of Indian visa you have. The Indian visa is permission to enter India.
You don't.
not legally, you need a work visa