Describe the hallmarks of scientific research?

Answer 1

The hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research may be listed follows:

1. Purposiveness
2. Rigor
3. Testability
4. Replicability
5. Precision and Confidence
6. Objectivity
7. Generalizability
8. Parsimony

Answer 2

Characteristics of Scientific Research

When researches progress to a certain degree, turning over to think about them in time will contribute to advance their process and make them develop healthily in correct direction. Therefore, let's have a look into the characteristics of our work macroscopically and generally. The involved respects include: stability, innovative, progress, parallelism, series, continuation and systematicness.

I. Stability. An academic team, echelon or persons who really strive to the research must insist on the long-term work and study attentively in a certain field, direction or subject. But at the same time, we should follow the teaching principle to pay attention to consider things professionally and extensively. We must know about the knowledge of the relative subjects or the adjoin fields. For example, the achievements of the physics can be introduced to the computer field, which is like the introduction of science of heredity at last caused the production of the hereditary algorithm. We can't ignore the benefits which are bought from the extensive accumulation of knowledge in the relevant field.

II. Innovative. The innovative of the scientific research covers five levels which is sorted by the creativity extent: innovation with a new field, innovation with a new branch of a certain field (new direction), innovation with a certain subject in a branch, innovation with the reinforcement and development of the original skills in a certain subject, innovation with the integration of original theories and techniques.

Innovation with a new field, which refers to the development of a new comparatively macroscopic research field, is the first -degree innovation. It is the second-degree innovation to open up a new branch or a new studying direction in a field. For many years we have been devoted to carrying on the work on this level, and the inherent mechanism that we put forward on the knowledge discovery is exactly the new research branch we have been attempting to open up in this field. On February 28, 2001, it is proved by a new search of ISTIC that the study on inherent mechanism and the seriating research results that causes is a creative studying, both at home and abroad, and the report relative to our study has not been seen in documents published at home or abroad.

III. Progress. It means the researcher should stand by the front of science and follow it all the time, and compare the research results with the original achievements in order to see whether his research can surmount the original achievement and reach the advanced level in the world.

A researcher who wants to make his research results achieve the advanced level in the world must look into the counterpart experts' latest research results in the world constantly; by constantly downloading materials from the website, consulting the academic periodicals, and striving to participate in the international academic meeting on this field in succession in order to be familiar with the academic trends, one could stand in the international academic front all the time.

The study achievements must be compared with original achievements which have been generally acknowledged by the mainstream. For example, if you want to analyze and compare the new algorithm you worked out with an original one, you need to do the same test, use the same platform, and run it under the same background and data to investigate who is faster, whose precision is higher, whose searching space is less and who loses less valuable rule.

e.g. Compare with Apriori algorithm, we will find this is a algorithm using a global search, while Maradbcm algorithm is an algorithm which uses a local search and preponderates the former in different fields, so we consider Maradbcm algorithm advanced with an eloquence. While without the research of inherent mechanism, Maradbcm algorithm will not be produced. There must be greater theory innovation to produce the advanced research results. If there is a theory innovation to a greater extent, it can offer the foundation and ways to putting forward the research results on the advanced skill and technique.

IV. Parallelism. The theory should be combined together with application to speed up the process of productivity transforming. When the theoretical research reaches to a certain extent, we should strive to develop the prototype system, application system, and the software tool in the common use. While we were engaged in kinds of data mining theory and algorithm, we managed to embed it into intelligence system and had developed a new intellectual information mining-based decision supply system IDSSIM. We also had developed the generalized diagnosing expert system ESKD, which is on the basis of knowledge discover. And we also developed KDD*, KDK*, KD (D&K) prototype system. At the same time we apply these systems to agricultural expert system, long-range education network, short-time meteorological phenomena predicting and etc, and promote the combination of theory and application to speed up process of transforming productivity.

V. Series. In the relatively stable condition, the study work needs the characteristic of series, and the research results need to be developed from a rudimentary level to an advanced level. If the research result is expected to be series of theory, we must gradually build up the research system: the basic theory----the engineering application----the development of the technology.

VI. Continuation. Since a new research direction (branch) is formed, there must be psychological need of sustainable development and research route of sustainable development. The source of every special topic is the inevitability that the theory itself will develop and the objective stimulus from reality. On the basis of our research results now, the following topic of research could be listed here: web-structure mining, image mining, audio mining, video mining, cause and effect automaton, etc.

VII. Systematicness. The research we engaged in such as structuring data mining, complicated type data mining and knowledge database-based data mining is all organized according to the six layers structure below. Thus, our research work can show some relatively completely systemic characteristics.

Answer 3

The hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research may be listed as follows:

Purposiveness

Rigor

Testability

Replicability

Precision and confidence

0bjectivity

Generalizability

Parsimony

Answer 4

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Answer 5

the concepts involved in the hallmarks of scientific research