What are the criteria of profession according to William shepherd?

Answer:
According to Shepard:

1. A profession must satisfy an indispensable social need and must be based upson well established and socially accepted scientific principles
2. It must demand adequate pre-professional and cultural training
3. It must demand the possession of a body of specialized and systematized training
4. It must give evidence of needed skills which the public does not posses; that is, skills which are partly inherent and partly acquired
5. It must have developed a scientific technique which is the result of tested experience
6. It must require the exercise of discretion and judgment as to time and manner of the performance of duty. This is in contrast to the kind of work which is subject to standardization in terms of unit performance or time element
7. It must have a group of consciousness designed to extend scientific knowledge in techinal language
8. It must have sufficient self-impelling power to retain its members throughout life. It must not be used as a mere stepping stone to other occupations
9. It must recognize its obligations to society by insisting that its members live up to an established code of ethics

Taken from Professional Nursing in the Philippines: 10th edition by: Lydia M. Venzon & Ronald M. Venzon
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