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The differences in performance, per se, are negligible. The differences are in management style, how and where files are stored, kernel optimizations.
RedHat (speaking of RH Enterprise Linux) is designed for business usage. The programs used are older, the kernel is older, but very stable and mature (current RHEL kernel is based on 2.6.9). The benefit of this is that programs such as oracle can be certified to run on a specific version, because they know *exactly* what versions of various programs will be on that machine by default. RedHat's kernel is also optimized for this purpose.
Slackware is based on the unix-style of doing things, so people coming from a solaris or BSD background will feel comfortable in slackware. It's management tools are different, but there's not a lot of bloat included with slackware, so less space is used in an install.
I have no experience with turbo linux, so I won't comment on that.
Debian has the goal of being entirely free (including not distributing non-free software or those where there are possible copyright infringements). In addition, it's APT package manager is one of the easiest to use. For a more business-like version, look to Ubuntu. There are a large number of spinoffs of debian, such as Xandros, Ubuntu, and so forth.
The biggest difference is what you need to do. If you're running oracle, use RedHat (or the new Oracle version of RedHat). If you need a box to run at home, go with debian - installing a new program is as easy as apt-get install (program). If you want to learn the differences more in-depth, pick one, install it, learn it, and then go to the next one.
First answer by Debiguana. Last edit by Debiguana. Contributor trust: 80 [recommend contributor]. Question popularity: 17 [recommend question]
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