What are the factor that affect solubility?

Answer 1

There are many factors affecting solubility, including whether a solid, liquid, or gas is being dissolved.

In the case of a solid, solubility is affected by the forces between the molecules of the solute (what is being dissolved) and solvent (what it is being dissolved in). If the molecules of the solute are strongly attracted to the molecules of the solvent, they are more likely to break apart, or dissolve. This also depends on whether there are any other molecules present in the solvent that could interfere with this process, particularly a common ion (an ion that is the same as one formed when the solute dissolves). If there is already a certain amount of an ion in the solvent, it is less likely that more will be able to dissolve into the solvent.

When a liquid is dissolved into a liquid, a rule of thumb is that "like dissolves like." This is regarding polarity - the tendency of a neutral molecule to be slightly positively charged at one end and slightly negatively charged at the other. Polar molecules are more likely to dissolve in polar substances; non-polar molecules will most likely dissolve in non-polar substances.

Molecule size also plays a role - if the molecules of the solute are too large they will not "fit between" molecules of the solvent, and therefore will not dissolve.

Whenever something is being dissolved, temperature, pressure, and agitation of the mixture always have an affect. Solids will dissolve more, and more quickly, at high temperatures, high pressures, and high agitation (shaking) of the mixture. Gases exhibit more complex responses to temperature, but temperature nonetheless has an impact.

Answer 2

the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature and pressure