Answer:
Judaism is not a centralised religion and does not have a single body or group of bodies that determine canon.
The core basis for Jewish law are the 613 mitzvot or guidelines found in the Torah. Historical legal decisions are recorded in the Talmud which works in a similar manner to secular case law. When legal decisions are made, previous decisions are referred to for precedents, etc but final decisions are most often made on a case by case basis.