Answer:
The full stop (or period) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements and some abbreviations.
The Question Mark is placed at the end of a sentence which comprises a direct question. Eg. What is the time?
The Exclamation Mark is used to indicate a sudden outcry, or for emphasis. Eg. Wow!
The Comma is used to separate ideas or elements within a sentence. Eg. Give me the red, green, orange and yellow ones.
The Colon is used after a word that introduces an example, a quotation or explanation. Eg. Jane was very sad: her dog had just died.
The Semicolon is used to connect independent clauses. Eg. Night was falling; he had to get home quickly.
The Dash is used to indicate a break in thought or sentence structure, to separate two clauses, or to introduce a phrase added for explanation or emphasis. Eg. "By trying we can easily learn to endure adversity--another man's, I mean." (Mark Twain)
The Hyphen is used between parts of a compound word or name, or when words are divided at the end of a line of text. Eg. Kevin acted as a go-between.
Parentheses are used to contain qualifying remarks or thoughts. Eg. "Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as much as you please. (Facts are stubborn, but statistics are more pliable.)" (Mark Twain)
Brackets are used for technical explanations. Eg. "I think the way we's [sic] educating our young people is just fine."
Braces are used (uncommonly) to contain listed items or multiple lines of text to indicated that they are considered one unit.
The Apostrophe is used to indicate the omission of a letter (or letters) from a word, the possessive case, or to indicate plurals. Eg. Tom's dog is bigger than Chris' dog.
Quotation marks are used to indicate that the text within them comes from another source, and is repeated word for word. Examples already given.
Ellipses are used to indicate the omission of (unnecessary) words that do not interfere with the meaning. Eg. "Brevity is...wit" Original text: "Brevity is the soul of wit" (Hamlet)