To turn the front wheel to determine the direction of travel.
Try your local junk yard and ask your friends.
The seat and handle bars.
The answer is Seat and Handle Bar
the top tube is the tube going from the bottem of the seat post to the headset (near the handle bars)
There's a bracket that goes on to the handle bars, then the basket clip on to this bracket.
If it has a bolt in the center of the bars - loosen this nut until it extends about 2 inches and than "rap" with a hammer (driving it back down) that should release locknut allowing you to raise bars - then retighten
Yes the handle bars are adjustable.
On a human-powered bicycle the brake calipers are usually up by the fork crown and at the top of the seat stays. The brake levers are usually on the handle bars
The cast of Yellow Bicycle Handle - 2010 includes: Susan Karsnick
They are a name brand of motorcycle handle bars.
All gets too long and boring to list here. Main parts are frame, fork, wheels, handle bars, saddle and seat post.
Wider bars are generally considered to gvie better control, until they start getting in the way.