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Layers of earth

Updated: 8/10/2023
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12y ago

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The four layers of earth are

1.Crust - outer most thinnest layer

2.Mantle - Is the layer that makes up most of Earth's material

3.Outer core - outer core is the metallic liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core.

4.Inner core- A solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron nickel core of the Earth

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Arden Smith

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2y ago
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Kevin Greenfelder

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1y ago

All depths are from the surface of the Earth. The Crust--The outer skin of the planet is composed of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock. Continental Crust: Comprised predominately of rocks most resembling granite, the continental crust is relatively thick compared to the oceanic crust with a depth that ranges from 30 km to 50 km. The average specific gravity of continental crustal rock is 2.7. Oceanic Crust: At an average depth of 5 km to 10 km, the oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. Oceanic crustal rocks are composed mainly of the igneous rocks basalt, diabase, and gabbro, which are mafic in composition. The average specific gravity of oceanic crustal rock is 2.9. Lithosphere: See below. The Mantle--The layer directly below the crust which is delineated from the crust by the Mohorovicic Discontinuity, where seismic waves increase in velocity. The division between the mantle and the crust is a chemical one, the rocks and constituent minerals being higher in magnesium and lower in silicon and aluminum than crustal rocks. The mantle comprises 84% of Earth's volume. Upper Mantle:Lithosphere: The uppermost mantle consists of hard rock and is attached to the crust and comprises the lithosphere. The lithosphere is comprised of tectonic plates which 'float' independently of each other. The lithosphere contains more mantle than crust. Oceanic lithosphere ranges from 50 km to 100 km in thickness, and continental lithosphere ranges from 40 km to 200 km. Asthenosphere: Just below the lithosphere lies the asthenosphere, an area of highly viscous but solid rock. Its viscosity allow it to move slowly over time, which it does as it transfers heat to the lithosphere via convection currents. These convection currents are responsible for the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. The depth of the asthenosphere averages somewhere between 100 km and 200km with depths up to 410 km. Transition Zone: The depth of the transition zone is between 410 km and 660 km. The rock here is mostly peridotite, a coarse grained igneous rock, kept from melting by extremely high lithostatic temperatures. Temperatures in the transition zone range from 1400 degrees C to 1600 degrees C. The Lower Mantle: The depth of the lower mantle ranges from 670 km to 2798 km. Little is known about the lower mantle other than that seismic waves indicate it is fairly homogenous in lithology. D'': The D'' area of the mantle extends from 2798 km to 2900 km, which is the boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core. At this level, the pressures are enormous, roughly equal to 1.4 million units of atmospheric pressure, and temperatures are over 4,000 degrees C. The Outer Core: The outer core lies at a depth from 2900 km to 5150 km. It's composed of liquid iron and nickel along with small amounts of lighter elements, with temperatures ranging from 4,000 degrees C to 6,100 degrees C near the boundary with the inner core. The Inner Core: From the boundary with the outer core to the center of the Earth, a distance of about 1220 km is the solid sphere of the inner core, a ball of incredibly hot iron-nickel alloy. Temperatures here reach between 5,000 and 7,000 degrees C, and pressures are calculated to be around 3,000,000 units of atmospheric pressure. Despite the high temperature, at these pressures the metals cannot remain molten.

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9y ago

There are four layers that make up the Earth. There is the crust, which is made of rock and divided into many tectonic plates. It is about 5 miles thick. Under this is the mantle, which is made up of molten rock and is 1800 miles thick. Below the mantle is the outer core, which is a ball of very hot metals and is 1400 miles thick. The last layer of the Earth is the inner core, which is made up of liquid metals that are so tight together, they behave like a solid. The temperature of this layer is 9000 degrees Fahrenheit.

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13y ago

The layers of planet Earth extend from the inner solid core, to the exosphere (closest to space). Inside the Earth, outside the inner solid core, is the mantle. Extending outwards, there is the astenosphere, lithosphere, and crust. Above that is the biosphere, which contains all the Earth's biotic life (animals, plants, bacteria, etc.). On the surface of the Earth, along with the biosphere, exist the hydrosphere (water) and cryosphere (ice). Enveloping all that is the troposphere, where the Earth's weather occurs. Slightly above that is the stratosphere, and then there is the ozone layer, the mesosphere (where meteorites hit), the ionosphere, the thermosphere, and finally, the exosphere (which is technically the area of space surrounding the planet).

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12y ago

The layers of the earth are the Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and the Inner Core. There is also a lithosphere in the mantle 100km below the Earth's Crust (top layer).

Crust 0-40km below the surface

Lithosphere 40-100km below the surface

Mantle 40-2800km below the surface

Outer Core 2800-5200km below the suface

Inner Core 5200-6400km below the surface

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12y ago

Crust, lithosphere, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

or

oceanic crust, continental crust, lithosphere, mantle, molten core (outer), and solid core (inner).

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13y ago

upper mantle, lower mantle,upper crust,lower crust,outer core ,inner core

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Daisy Thompson

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2y ago

There are four layers

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The earth has a total of 6 main layers.


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How do you know that the earth is in layers?

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