What are the payroll taxes that are directly deducted from peoples payrolls?

Social security and medicare.

Payroll taxes are the taxes witheld by an employer from an employee's paycheck which covers the appropriate amount of federal and state taxes as well as FICA tax (also known as Social Security)....

A share of workers' earnings paid to the government by workers and employers.

Social Security tax 6.2%, Medicare Tax 1.45%, Federal, State and/or Local state. Federal and State tax witholdings are withheld depend on number of exemptions that you put on your Form W-4.

Some debts, such as taxes (including payroll taxes, most student loans and unpaid wages) are not forgiven in bankruptcy even if you file, and will not be discharged even if you are given bankruptcy...