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The process of activities, completed efficiently and effectively with and through people is called management. (1) MANGER (2) ORGANIZATION (3) STAFFING (4) COUNTER CHECK (V) RULES 1) MANAGER:- Very important factor should have qualified skilled leader. 2) ORGANIZATION:- It is systematic arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. It have four important parts. 3) STAFFING: (It is a labour through with production or output obtained. Placingof right man at right place is staffing) 4) DIRECTIVES: (The orders passed from authorities for implementation to run organization effectively is called DIRECTIVES. Followed strictly the directive issued time to time according to the need. 5) COUNTER CHECK:- This is factor of checking the desired result or output by some technical method as well as surprise check. 6) RULES:- These are hard and fast rules of organization, which may be applied from very beginning. These are followed by all strictly. Manager is first/ major part of organization who is responsible for activities. It may be first line manager (supervisors), second line (Middle managers, deal between top management and first line and top line managers who bring policies make lot of time in planning and takes decision. Simply a manager is one who innovate, take decision and risk and get. MAIN CHARACTERSITICS OF MANAGER1. Power delegation (To share authority and responsibility among the team according to capability. 2. Decision making (Takes decision at any level of in authority and do the needful. 3. Problem solving Approach (Should be able to solve the problems of in teams regarding the organization and personal. 4. leader ship (he should have the leadership skills. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATION:- 1) PRODUCTION 2) MARKETTING 3) HUMAN RESOURCES 4) FINANCE The organization are based on above four factors and arrange the people in order to achieve the desire goals, when it innovate, invest and takes risk. MAIN CHARACTERSITICS OF STAFFING- The responsibilities of staff - Shortage of managerial manpower - Skilled about the modern machinery & its use - Trade recognition of the problems - Relation of organizational structure to staffing - Keep in mind key factors of leadership - Technical qualification & short courses of staff - Personal interest of staff in filed of work - Personal relation with staff and manager - Limitation of work in staff - Suitable timings of work - Rewards and benefits of staff LEVELS OF MANAGERS 1- First line managers (supervisors and manager) 2- Middle managers (Responsible for implementation …) 3- Top Managers…. PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 1) Division of work (the scope of work in managerial and staffing parts should be divided clearly and standardized. 2) Authority and responsibility (The assignment of work should be equipped with certain authority and responsibility so that one may able to use it with confidence and becomes responsibility of work. 3) Discipline is use to control and correct the behaviors of all employees. Discipline improve the efficiency and avoid the ignorance of duty and responsibility. MAIN FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT / FUNCTIONS OF AMANGEMENT There are four main function s management. 1) PLANNING (To know about the purpose and destination. How to get the desire purpose and why should be clear, which is called planning. It is done by the top management but at each level of management some part of planning / involved. 2) ORGANIZATION (To adopt the process and structure about the planning in a better way by people is called organizing. It is arrangement of peoples and resources to achieve the desired goals. 3) Controlling (to ensure about all the above factors are going properly and the desired goals are achieving if there is any error is found, the controlling is operated with some extend.) LEADER SHIP There is important quality of successful manager which is combination of by birth and child hood. Education as well as technical skills The managers should be leadership skilled which enhance in quality by various kinds as Personality neat & clean career, good knowledge telling and writing power , decision power , public dealing , problem solving approach, leading attitude in a mind, but friendly and brother attitude in practice , use of resources effective, minimize the waste and ___________ the . 1- SOCIAL MANAGEMENT In any organization the main objection is to minimize the profit in spite of other values. But the real organization need to concern with social value and social needs of society by surrendering the some share of profit. It is because of social needs or values of society e.g If in a society some items are not allowed so that it should be avoid to produce rather than concept of organization _________. If in a society some item are needed once in year firm should provide so that it shall be closer to society and goes to long run profit. 2- MANAGEMENT AS TECHNOLOGY The method in which a firm use the special education training and skills about the management and go through it is called management as technology. Because almost all the internal problems of organization may be solved through techniques of management so we can say the management as technology technological awareness to minimize the waste statistical analysis and computer science are essential. 3-MANAGEMENT AS CULTURE A the single person have its own personality through which he is appreciated or rejected or known similarly the personality of organization is management culture. How the organization behavior impression and imagine called the management culture e.g good / neat and clean clean organization versus poor / dirty and lose organization. 4- INSIITUATIONAL LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT In an organization when proper rules directives discipline, authorizes and responsibilities are given then the management comes on institutnaional level where the management goes through hard and fast rule and managed very perfect and result oriented. 5-COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT The committee is ------ for some special task within specific time period and special powers. The management of committee excersie such type of special powers authorities and hierarchy is called committee management. This management has special and temporary title of name power and facilities which automatically finished by the completion of task. 6-PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT This type of management is involve in a production based organizations where \organization object is maximize the output. This mean a certain technical skills of management are required which use to maximize the production and minimize the waste , so the kind of management do in this way called production management. 7- SALES MANAGEMENT Sales Management is a part of broader filed of marketing or we can say that it is part of the field of management which concerns its self with the managerial aspects of marketing. Major parts of SALES MANAGEMENT. 1- Functions of Sales management 2- Planning and execution 3- Planning consists or research and evaluation of organization goals or targets. 4- Execution deals with assignment and __________ of work force and made good communication classification of sales management. Management sale and service personl. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT The role of finance is very important in an organization so to resolve the financial matters effectively by the management. Important factors of financial management. 1- Interest Role 2-Planning Difficulties 3- Demand of Capital 4-Bussiness and individual in with 5- Accounting Problem 6- Time & risk management 7- Cash flow v/s earning 9- The capital market 10- Primary & Secondary market Financial management may help to serve and secure the interest of organization in field of finance. NEED THEORY OF MOTIVATION / MASLOWS THEORY OF NEEDS MOTIVATION:Motivation as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Finally motivation has a persistence dimension. This is a measure of how long a person can maintain his or her effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal. = HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY = It's probably safe to say that the most well known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. He hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. These needs are: 1- Physiological: Includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. 2- Safety: Includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. 3- Social: Includes affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship. 4-Esteem: Includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy and achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention. 5- Self-actualization: the drive to become what one is capable of becoming includes growth achieving ones potential and self fulfillment. As each of these needs becomes substantially satisfied the next need becomes dominant. LOWER ORDER NEEDS: Needs that are satisfied externally physiological and safety needs. HIGHER ORDER NEEDS: needs that are satisfied internally social esteem and self actualization needs. = EXPLANATION OR IMPORTANCE OF MASLOWS THEORY = Maslows need theory has received wide recognition particularly among practicing mangers. This can be attributed to the theory intuitive logic and ease of understanding. Unfortunately however research does not generally validate the theory. Maslows provided no empirical substantiation and several studies that sought to validate the theory found no support for it.

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Management is divided into:

1st- Planning-I.e Managers have to set objectives of an organization and decide how to achieve them. This will involve developing strategies, precises tactics, and allocating resources of people and money.

2nd-Organizing- This involves analysing and classifying the activities of the organization and the relations among them. Then separate manageable activities from individuals ones. Staff the organization with qualifies people, that means the right person for the right job.

3rd- Integrating- I.e Communicate the objectives of the organization to the staff, and motivate the workforce in order to make sure they accomplish their tasks.

4th- Controlling- Managers have to measure or control the performance of their staff, to see whether there is any deviation, and then take actions consequetly.

Last-Developing: Managers have to develop both their subordinates and themselves. E.g. On-job training.

Love Luamba- Shanghai- August 17th, 2007 Principles of Management

Description of the ExaminationThe Principles of Management examination covers material that is usually taught in an introductory course in the essentials of management and organization. The fact that such courses are offered by different types of institutions and in a number of fields other than business has been taken into account in the preparation of this examination. It requires a knowledge of human resources and operational and functional aspects of management.

The examination contains 100 questions to be answered in 90 minutes. Some of these are pretest questions that will not be scored. Any time candidates spend on tutorials and providing personal information is in addition to the actual testing time.

Knowledge and Skills RequiredQuestions on the Principles of Management examination require candidates to demonstrate one or more of the following abilities in the approximate proportions indicated:
  • Specific factual knowledge, recall, and general understanding of purposes, functions, and techniques of management (about 10 percent of the exam)
  • Understanding of and ability to associate the meaning of specific terminology with important management ideas, processes, techniques, concepts, and elements (about 40 percent of the exam)
  • Understanding of theory and significant underlying assumptions, concepts, and limitations of management data, including a comprehension of the rationale of procedures, methods, and analyses (about 40 percent of the exam)
  • Application of knowledge, general concepts, and principles to specific problems (about 10 percent of the exam)

The subject matter of the Principles of Management examination is drawn from the following topics. The percentages next to the main topics indicate the approximate percentages of exam questions on those topics.

Approximate Percent of Examination

15-25% Organization and Human Resources

  • Personnel administration
  • Human relations and motivation
  • Training and development
  • Performance appraisal
  • Organizational development
  • Legal concerns
  • Work force diversity
  • Recruiting and selecting
  • Compensation and benefit
  • Collective bargaining

10-20% Operational Aspects of Management

  • Operations planning and control
  • Work scheduling
  • Total Quality Management (e.g., TQM)
  • Information processing and management
  • Strategic planning and analysis
  • Productivity

45-55% Functional Aspects of Management

  • Planning
  • Organizing
  • Leading
  • Controlling
  • Authority
  • Decision making
  • Organization charts
  • Leadership
  • Organizational structure
  • Budgeting
  • Problem solving
  • Group dynamics and team functions
  • Conflict resolution
  • Communication
  • Change
  • Organizational theory
  • Historical aspects

10-20% International Management and Contemporary Issues

  • Value dimensions
  • Regional economic integration
  • Trading alliances
  • Global environment
  • Social responsibilities of business
  • Ethics
  • Systems
  • Environment
  • Government regulation
  • Management theory and theorists
  • E-business
  • Creativity and innovation
Study resourcesMost textbooks used in college-level principles of management courses cover the topics in the outline given earlier, but the approaches to certain topics and the emphasis given to them may differ. To prepare for the Principles of Management exam, it is advisable to study one or more college textbooks, which can be found in most college bookstores. When selecting a textbook, check the table of contents against the "Knowledge and Skills Required" for this test.

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Management principles are guidelines for the decisions and actions of managers.

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