pros
- distributes the wealth the wealth more evenly
- increases workers rights
- decreases poverty
- allows for a stable economy
- many social programs are based on socialism; food stamps, public housing, public health-care, public education
cons
- increased taxes
- increased bureaucracy
perceptual cons (these are not cons of socialism in and of itself, but are cons of typical "socialist" governments)
- totalitarianism (too strong of government)
- infringement of human rights
- monarchy (dictatorship)
- lack of democracy
Also, note that Socialism can refer to either a political (i.e. government) type, or an economic model. Socialist governments don't have to follow a socialist economic model, and vice versa. Usually, "Socialism" [capitalized] refers to the political form, and "socialism" [lowercase] refers to the economic model.