Erik Erikson's Stages of Development are as listed below:
- Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, Birth to 1 year)
- Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 4 years)
- Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 4 to 6 years)
- Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood, 7 to 13 years)
- Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescents, 14 to 24 years)
- Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adults, 25 to 40 years)
- Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 45 to 65 years)
All of the ages given are approximate. Someone may enter the fifth stage, for example, at the ages of 8 to 14. However, most people enter the stage around the given age.
It is rare to skip a stage, as each stage builds directly on the last.
In his theory of psychosocial development, Erik Erikson identified eight distinct periods of personality development. In each stage, according to his theory, the individual undergoes a "crisis" that will lead to either a healthy or an unhealthy trait.A successful outcome in one stage increases the likelihood of a successful outcome in the next stage, and an unhealthy outcome in one stage makes an unhealthy outcome more likely in the next stage.
Basic trust versus mistrust: 0-18 months. Infant learns to trustor mistrust, During this time, the individual is completely at the mercy of others to meet his or her needs. By age eighteen months, the person will have developed a tendency to trust others if caregivers have met his or her needs consistently and appropriately, or the person will learn to mistrust others because of caregivers who met the child's needs inconsistently or inappropriately.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years. Success in new tasks and exploring environment leads to a sense of autonomy, believing you can do things for yourself. An unsuccessful outcome leads the child to feel shame, feeling small and worthless, and to doubthis or her ability to things autonomously.
Initiative versus guilt: 3 years to 6 or 7 years. Child either learns to use their own initiativerather than rely on others to initiate activities, or to feel guiltas though it were wrong for them to take initiative. The guilt ridden child will feel unaccepted and have negative feelings about oneself, and will feel that independent action is morally wrong.
Industry versus inferiority: 7 years to puberty. Now school age, the child develops a sense of industry, competence and mastery in their abilities, or inferiority. The child preoccupied with feeling inferior will engage in a self-fulfilling prophecy, in that fear of failure will either make the child avoid opportunities to succeed or make the child so nervous that his or her own anxieties interfere with ability to perform.
Identity achievement versus role confusion: Adolescence to beginning of adulthood. During this time, the adolescent develops a sense of who he or she is. The person is learning how very complex the world is and begins to develop goals, opinions, attitudes, and many new traits. Erikson discussed four identity statuses:foreclosure, moratorium, confusion or diffusion and achievement.
Intimacy versus isolation: In early adulthood. Intwenties and thirties, the individual learns psychological intimacy, the ability to form close relationships with others, or will be stuck in psychological isolationin which he or she is unable to experience true closeness with others.
Generativity versus stagnation: In middle adulthood.In forties and fifties, the individual has lived long enough to evaluate the life he or she has lived while there is still time to make major changes if necessary. With a sense of generativity, the person feels concerns for what he or she generates, what he/she contributes to the world. Individuals with very narrow generative concerns might only care that they make certain their offspring do well but without caring what happens to the rest of the world. The unhealthy outcome stagnationcould also be called self-absorption. The psychologically stagnant person's concerns are so narrow that he or she has little or no concern for contributing anything to anyone else.
Ego integrity versus despair: In late adulthood. The individual may look back at the life he or she has lived. The individual may experience ego integrity, a healthy self-concept with self esteem but not self-absorption, or may experience despair, which may involve depression over the life one has lived or anxiety about the impending end.
The first four stages of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development are:
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development was developed by Erik Homburger Erikson. The stages are named, in order, Hopes, Will, Purpose, Competence, Fidelity, Love, Care, and Wisdom.
The serial position effect.
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Teachers can use Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages in many ways. Stages three four and five are main stages that teachers usually focus on. Most elementary and high school teacher's are dealing with students between the ages of 5 and 18, so because of that teachers should also study stage six if they will be teaching students entering the phase of young adulthood, and preschool teachers must brush up on stages one and two because they have students between the ages of 1 and 4 that they have to use Erikson's theory on.
Firstly, Erikson's 8 stages tended to focus on childhood rather then the adult life through it was called a life span theory. It's also been argued that it applied to boys more then girls. Finally, the rigid structure to Erikson's theory didn't take into consideration cultural differences that may have affected the time during which an individual was in one particular stage. For example: potty training begins at different ages depending on the culture.
Erickson's theory or stages of psycho social ultimately involves those whom an individual interacts with during each stage in life. That Interaction and experience is the determining factor in how an individual develops in following stages.
The serial position effect.
Erikson's lifespan theory proposes that psychosocial development occurs primarily as a result of self-recognition gained through crises or conflicts.
Ericson's stages of psychosocial
All have a central challenge that must be resolved in order to move on.
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Do you think the stages occur differently for men and women
Teachers can use Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages in many ways. Stages three four and five are main stages that teachers usually focus on. Most elementary and high school teacher's are dealing with students between the ages of 5 and 18, so because of that teachers should also study stage six if they will be teaching students entering the phase of young adulthood, and preschool teachers must brush up on stages one and two because they have students between the ages of 1 and 4 that they have to use Erikson's theory on.
Teachers can use Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages in many ways. Stages three four and five are main stages that teachers usually focus on. Most elementary and high school teacher's are dealing with students between the ages of 5 and 18, so because of that teachers should also study stage six if they will be teaching students entering the phase of young adulthood, and preschool teachers must brush up on stages one and two because they have students between the ages of 1 and 4 that they have to use Erikson's theory on.
Firstly, Erikson's 8 stages tended to focus on childhood rather then the adult life through it was called a life span theory. It's also been argued that it applied to boys more then girls. Finally, the rigid structure to Erikson's theory didn't take into consideration cultural differences that may have affected the time during which an individual was in one particular stage. For example: potty training begins at different ages depending on the culture.
Erickson's theory or stages of psycho social ultimately involves those whom an individual interacts with during each stage in life. That Interaction and experience is the determining factor in how an individual develops in following stages.
In his most influential work, Childhood and Society(1950), he divided the human life cycle into eight psychosocial stages of development.
psychosocial