Protein synthesis steps

Answer 1

The major steps of protein synthesis are:

1. Transcription

-before a protein can be synthesized, the DNA information or code must first be copied or transcribed to a type of RNA called mRNA (messenger RNA). Bothe the codes in DNA and mRNA are carried as units called codons.

2. Translation

-in the ribosome, the code carried by the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids that will form the protein molecule dictated by the DNA.

Answer 2

Here's a quick and dirty explanation, since it takes too long to teach it formally. Be careful because some of the items are listed out of order.

Transcription: nucleus

• Primase creates RNA primer
• Transcription factors bind to promoter and calls DNA dependent RNA polymerase
• Helicase unwinds DNA
• RNA polymerase creates complementary code in 5' -> 3' direction
• primer leaves and is given a sequence by another RNA polymerase
• mRNA is capped with guanine methyl at the 5' end
• poly-A tail is added to the 3' end
• introns are spliced out

Translation: nucleus/rough ER

• small ribosome binds to cap and reads for AUG start codon
• tRNA's anticodons match up with mRNA codons
• tRNA brings methionine (amino acid)
• large ribosome complex assembles
• aminoacyl synthetase holds amino acids to tRNA
• peptidyl transferase gives amino acids peptide bonds
• mRNA elongates and amino acid moves from A site to P site to E site
• non-sense codon appears and calls release factor
• rRNA complex falls apart
• ubiquitin binds failed proteins and calls over proteosomes
• Proteosomes eat misfolded/failed proteins

Answer 3

steps of proteins synthesis are:

1-TRANSLATION

A= mRNA attaches to a ribosome

B= tRNA approaches the mRNA and every 3 bases on the mRNA are paired with a matching tRNA call codon

C= the amino acid is removed from the tRNA and the tRNA detaches from the mRNA

D= the amino acid are bonded together to make a protein

2 TRANSCRIPTION

mRNA is formed by bases pairing with one side of the DNA and the mRNA leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm

at the end of the mRNA strands is a stop codon that signals the end of protein synthesis

the protein is released to do work in the organism

Answer 4

Protein synthesis begins with transcription. RNA is coded to create a protein using a single strand of DNA as a template. This strand of RNA now becomes mRNA (messenger RNA) and is composed of introns and exons. The introns are the non-coding segments and will be spliced out. The mRNA will venture out of the nucleus and into the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs. tRNA (transfer RNA) then bind onto the mRNA to begin a process called translation the coding segments into amino acids. This strand of amino acids forms a protein.

Answer 5

1. In the nucleus, the DNA code is transcribed into a complementary mRNA molecule;

2. mRNA enters the cytoplasm where it associates with a ribosome. The mRNA code is then

translated into a polypeptide chain;

3. The codon AUG signals the start of translation;

4. An activated tRNA brings methionine (the first amino acid) to the ribosome;

5. The tRNA anti-codon binds to the AUG codon on the mRNA;

6. The complex shifts and the next codon is read by another tRNA;.

7. Peptide bonds form between the first two amino acids;

8. The second tRNA accepts the growing polypeptide chain;

9. The process continues until it reaches a STOP codon;

10. The ribosome disassembles and the polypeptide chain is released.

Answer 6

replication, transcription, & translation

Answer 7

Genetic information is copied and transferred to RNA from DNA then RNA and ribosomes made by the nucleolus exit the nucleus through its pores and make more proteins.

Answer 8

the first step in protein synthesis is the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus.

Answer 9

step 1: transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus.

step 2: initiation

step 3: elongation