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The successors to the Prophet Muhammad were called the Caliphs.
Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr, was elected as the first Caliph. Then came Umar and Uthman. The fourth Caliph was Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law to Muhammad, whom the Shi'ites believe to have nominated Ali to be his immediate successor.
Disagreement over the succession became a major cause of friction and led to the division of Islam along Sunni and Shia lines.
First answer by Dick Harfield. Last edit by Dick Harfield. Contributor trust: 197 [recommend contributor]. Question popularity: 14 [recommend question]




