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There are several theorys of emotion, and it has been greatly debated about. I will be mentioning three theories that I learnt from my Psychology class.
To start, let me define three terms
Stimulus: an input from the environment
Concscious feeling: the emotion that is experienced
Autonomous arousal: changes in physiological states (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing etc.)
From commonsense you would come to think that you see a stimulus, feel the emotion and then have the change in automous arousal, but the next three theories states otherwise.
Let us examine the example of seeing a dog and feeling afraid. Commense sense: you see the dog, you feel afraid and therefore you experience faster heart rate, blood pressure etc. (autonomous arousal) - you're trembling because you are afraid.
James-Lange Theory
- states that people's conscous feelingsresults from one's perception of autonomous arousal.
> in the same example, you would feel afraid because you are trembling.
Cannon-Bard Theory
- argued that people dont always experience emotions after autonomous arousal and that autonomic arousal is sometimes too slow to precede emotional experiences thus he claimed that emotion occurs the stimulus is processed through subcortical brain activity and results in either autonomous arousal or conscous feeling, or both.
> i.e. the dog makes me tremble and feel afraid.
Schachter's Two-Factor Theory
- asserts taht people look at situational cues to identify their conscous feeling; when one experiences an autonomous arousal s/he interprets thatarousal by appraising the situation.
> I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation of the dog to be dangerous.
McCann, Doug and Wayne Weiten. (2007) "Theories of Emotion". Psychology: Themes & Variations. (pp 424-425). Canada: Nelson
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