There are more types of flooring than most people realize. More common types of flooring include carpet, hardwood, laminate, linoleum, vinyl, stone, and tile.
Also becoming increasingly popular is flooring made from concrete, bamboo, and cork. These flooring options are gaining popularity because of their eco-friendly nature. They (along with other options such as recycled carpet and reclaimed hardwood) are great choices for people looking to "go green" with their remodeling.
That isn't the full extent of flooring options though. There is flooring made from leather, peach pits, and a number of other lesser known materials. If you want more information on different flooring types, a great place to look is findanyfloor.com.