The components of a computer system can be broken down into four logical groups: input, output, processing and storage. If you use the analogy of a human, the input would be like the eyes, ears and...
Not sure if this is what you answer you need but here goes: All computers have a motherboard. To this motherboard a CPU, RAM, graphics card, and harddisk are required. Optionally a sound card can be...
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The part of the computer that does the "thinking" (doing the calculations) is the Processor/CPU ((Central Processing Unit))
And the part of the computer that does the "remembering" is...