Answer:
The first schism was geographic, the Coptic Christian church sort of set up and kept going on its own (the Christians of Ethiopia).
The send schism occurred when the Roman empire was divided and the Roman and Byzantine churches were formed.
The third schism (the Protestant reformation) occurred because the Catholic church (in Rome) was so corrupt.
We are currently likely to see a forth schism in the Anglican (protestant) communion in relation to the appointment of women and gay bishops.