Penicillins, having been around so long, have undergone significant modifications, and their spectra has increased since its discovery (when it wasn't effective against Gram negative bacteria -- which has changed).
Some of the bacteria penicillins of today may successfully attack include:
Penicillin is ineffective against mold/fungus attacks, and MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Other bacteria have also develoepd resistances.