X-rays and UV rays can both cause genetic mutations in humans. Also, exposure to certain chemicals, like those in tobacco. A certain amount of mutations also occur all the time, regardless of your exposure to harmful agents like these, due to the built in error-rate when DNA is copied.
A mutagen of some sort can cause a mutation. The DNA sequence of a gene can be altered in a number of ways.
The types of mutations include:
Missense mutation
This type of mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.
Nonsense mutation
A nonsense mutation is also a change in one DNA base pair. Instead of substituting one amino acid for another, however, the altered DNA sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein. This type of mutation results in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all.
Insertion
An insertion changes the number of DNA bases in a gene by adding a piece of DNA. As a result, the protein made by the gene may not function properly.
Deletion
A deletion changes the number of DNA bases by removing a piece of DNA. Small deletions may remove one or a few base pairs within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the resulting protein(s).
Duplication
A duplication consists of a piece of DNA that is abnormally copied one or more times. This type of mutation may alter the function of the resulting protein.
Frameshift mutation
This type of mutation occurs when the addition or loss of DNA bases changes a gene’s reading frame. A reading frame consists of groups of 3 bases that each code for one amino acid. A frameshift mutation shifts the grouping of these bases and changes the code for amino acids. The resulting protein is usually nonfunctional.
Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift mutations.
Repeat expansion
Nucleotide repeats are short DNA sequences that are repeated a number of times in a row. For example, a trinucleotide repeat is made up of 3-base-pair sequences, and a tetranucleotide repeat is made up of 4-base-pair sequences. A repeat expansion is a mutation that increases the number of times that the short DNA sequence is repeated.
Mutations involve changes in the DNA code.
The introduction of animals into a breeding population that are unrelated will increase genetic variation.
Genetic variation, which can lead to evoloution, and then potentially a new species.
Discuss the issues related to genetic mutations: sexual reproductions, migration and population size
it is called a mutations
Mutations, crossing overs...
The causes of genetic disorders areThey can be inherited through Parents;Mutations may occur;A deletion may occur.These are the causes of a genetic disorder.
Genetic mutations passed from parent to child cause hereditary disease.
Yes. All mutations of the genetic material are genetic.
the answer is mutations.......................
Mutating Cells can be a source of Cancer, but not necessarily. All mutating cells do not cause Cancer.
HA! there are no genetic mutations! DINOSAURS ARE DINOSAURS! DINOSAURS ARE DINOSAURS! no mutants
Sudden genetic change in the DNA of an organism called mutations.
banned as it causes genetic mutations and is bad for the human body
There is variation among humans because of sexual reproduction, crossing over, assortment, and mutations.
PXE is caused by changes in the genetic material, called mutations, that are inherited in either a dominant or recessive mode.
The genetic mutations for junctional EB are found in the genes responsible for producing the protein Laminin-5.