Usually a thrown rod is caused from a worn rod bearing that allows the rod to start knocking and ultimately it ends up being beaten apart by the normal operation. Rod and main bearings typically wear because of poor engine maintenance. Oil and filters must be changed regularly and according to the approved schedule. Only high quality oil should be used, that would be oils that contain the SAE certifications on the label.
Typically, any of the major motor oils, but most shops will generally recommend the Pennsylvania oils or synthetics.