Answer:
The official name is "Sultanate of Oman".
Oman is an Arab country with Arabic as the official language. English widely spoken specially in business. Population, Omanis about 1.9 millions, with expatriates about 3 millions. it border UAE Saudi Arabia & Yemen. The east side is the coastline with over 3000 coastline. the currency is Omani Rial OMR, which is pigged to the US dollar. One rial is about 2.6 dollars.
Government is Monarchy, and at the top is the Sultan (it means something like King) and the current Sultan is Qaboos bin Saeed who been in power since 1970. Government is appointed by him, and he head the government.
The weather is summer is very hot & humid except in the South (Salalah, Dhofar) where the temperature is in the twenties. In winter the weather is very pleasant with temperature mostly in the twenties, but it does sometimes go down to teens or thirties.
The capital is Muscat with population of about 600,000 people. There are other cities towns and villages across Oman, i.e. Nizwa, Soha, Salalah, Sur, Dhank, ...
Main income is Oil & Gas, but there are other much lesser incomes such as fisheries, industries & tourism.
Hope this help.