Any exercise that gets your heart rate up and gets you breathing more rapidly for an extended period will improve the fitness of the cardiovascular system. This can be such things as brisk walking,...
A minimum of 45-60 minutes of cardiorespiratory activity 4-5 times weekly is thought to be necessary to maintain a healthy level of conditioning for the body.
Usually, types of exercises are exercise specific. In other words, if you want to be a better pole vaulter, practice pole vaulting. If you want to be a better sprinter, practice sprinting. And so on....