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Usually this is due to the engine having frozen, normally due to insufficient or lack of Antifreeze. Or the failure of Block Heaters. Water expands when it freezes, metal contracts as it gets colder,...
Engine blocks can crack from many different reasons.
Improper antifreeze ratio during freezing temperatures, internal engine component malfunctions (such as throwing a rod), etc.
Yes. You can freeze the water, making it expand, or you can add cold water to a hot engine, shocking the block.
You prevent freezing with antifreeze.
You prevent shock by never adding water to a...