What causes an engine to not idle properly?

Answer:
I will talk about fuel injected engines since they have been common on most cars since 1987. Idling problems could be several problems. A dirty idle air control motor , dirty mass airflow sensor or dirty air filter will cause idle problems. Spark plugs that are wore out will cause a cylinder to now fire correctly. A wore or sticking injector will cause idle problems. The most common problem I find as a mechanic for idle problems is a faulty coolant temp sensor. So the three major systems to check are the AIR, FUEL and SPARK .
First answer by Canadianmechanic. Last edit by Canadianmechanic. Contributor trust: 2 [recommend contributor recommended]. Question popularity: 3 [recommend question].