The earth's crust has many major fault areas where the risk of earthquakes or volcanic activity remain very high. One such area is the "Ring of Fire", which extends from the Pacific Coast at Asia, around to Alaska, down the western USA coast, and over to the Carribean. Most earthquakes happen along that "Ring" including underwater volcanoes. A second major fault line is at New Madrid, Missouri, USA.
Incidence
Every day, very small tremors occur in many places. The earth's mantel is constantly moving along fault lines where the earth is "fractured". One type of fault line "slides" along each other until it cannot move further. However, the pressure still builds even when the two surfaces aren't moving, resulting in a much larger earthquake when the pressure releases. Another type of fault rarely moves but in its stationary position, greater forces build up below and between the fault line, again causing very large quakes when the surfaces finally move past each other. The recent earthquake in Haiti took 200 years to build pressure against the two surfaces of the fault line. The last major earthquake at New Madrid, Mo. was in approximately 1812. Newspapers report that the quake was felt as far away as the Atlantic shore and caused the Mississippi River to flow backwards. The earthquake that hit California in the 1980s or 1990s was a "small" quake compared to the one at New Madrid.
Thus, the earth's ever-changing mantel and layers along fault lines is the greatest risk factor in producing an earthquake. Also, seismolgists have shown that quakes follow quakes. Not only are there after-shocks, a massive earthquake can cause faults in other locations to move, thus producing quakes in other areas weeks, months, or years later. A "few years" in geology is miniscule compared to millions of years for most geological events, so a quake following in "a few years" is a very, very short period of time.
Effects
Even small earthquakes can cause massive damage to buildings and bridges if these are constructed poorly. The types of buildings in Haiti were baked earthen and cement structures with no steel or rebar reinforcement. Engineers say that buildings with reinforcement can more easily sway but not crumble, while un-reinforced concrete or earthen materials simply collapse. The weight of material cascades down, breaking apart any material below it, as seen in Haiti recently. Numerous injuries and deaths result from the collapsing structures, more than from the earth moving while people are outside the structures. However, falling debris (bricks, mortar, etc) can also kill.
As well, we saw how even in developed areas like California, with reinforced concrete bridges and buildings, there can be massive collapses of infra-structures. The main Interstate with multiple levels "pancaked" as each tier collapsed. One of the biggest concerns in California centers on how well their aging but multi-tied bridges will withstand the next "big one".
Future
While most people focus on California, USA, scientists repeatedly warn about the potential of a large new quake at New Madrid. They predict the devastation could be massive since there is a large population in that area. And a quake at New Madrid could change the beds of streams, creeks, and rivers, similar to the changed coastline that occurred at Haiti.
Living on the edges of plate boundaries put's you at high risk of earthquakes. There is a geological feature known as the 'ring of fire' near Indonesia where many tectonic plates collide causing many quakes.
Geologists can determine earthquake risk by locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occured.
Geologists can determine the risk for an earthquake by measuring the seismic waves along faults as well as friction using a seismometer.
True, but be mindful of risk.
An Area along an active fault that has not had recent earthquake activity(:
Magnitude :D
The factors that help geologists determine for earthquake risk for religion are the movement of seismic waves along faults and friction.Hope this helped!
Geologists can determine earthquake risk by locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occured.
By locating where faults are active and where past earthquake have occurred.
The factors that help geologists determine for earthquake risk for religion are the movement of seismic waves along faults and friction.Hope this helped!
The movement of seismic waves along faults and friction.
Risk factors for getting the disease or risk factors if you already have the disease?
Statistically: Dependent risk factors require other risk factors to reach statistical significance Independent risk factors are still statistically significant when adjusted for known risk factors
Risk Factors
The following are risk factors for COPD:
Collision-Risk Factors
f.u.e.l
Yes, all diseases have risk factors.