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Some of the bacteria known to cause urinary tract infections (UTI's) have an enzyme that change nitrate to nitrite. A positive nitrite test indicates that bacteria may be present in significant numbers in urine.

reference:

- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410581

- http://library.med.Utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/URINE/URINE.html

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Q: What causes nitrate to show up in urine samples in women?
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Is there a difference between men and women urine?

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Glucose test - urine?

DefinitionThe glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria or glucosuria.See also:Glucose test - bloodGlucose test - CSFHome glucose monitoringAlternative NamesUrine sugar test; Urine glucose test; Glucosuria testHow the test is performedA urine sample is needed. For information on collecting a urine sample, see clean catch urine specimen.Usually, the health care provider checks for glucose in the urine sample using a dipstick made with a color-sensitive pad. The pad contains chemicals that react with glucose. The color that the dipstick changes tells the provider how much glucose is in your urine.How to prepare for the testYour health care provider may tell you to stop taking drugs that may affect the results of the test.Drugs that may increase urine glucose measurements include:Aminosalicylic acidCephalosporinsChloral hydrateChloramphenicolDextrothyroxineDiazoxideDiuretics (loop and thiazides)EstrogensIfosfamideIsoniazidLevodopaLithiumNafcillinNalidixic acidNicotinic acid (large doses)Other drugs also can cause false negative or false positive results, depending on the type of test strip used. Talk to your doctor.How the test will feelThe test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.Why the test is performedThis test is most commonly used to screen for diabetes.Normal ValuesGlucose is not usually found in urine. If it is, further testing is needed.What abnormal results meanGreater than normal levels of glucose may be a sign of:Diabetes mellitusGlucose release from the kidneys into the urine (renal glycosuria)PregnancyNote: Results may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What the risks areThere are no risks.ReferencesBazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 115.

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