Answer:
1st Answer:
Cheese has been around for centuries and the Romans were great cheese makers, but when the Roman Empire fell in 410 AD much of the cheese making fell away. A few farmers in the mountain areas kept making cheese and the monks did some innovations in cheese that we still have today. Yet, because of the movement of people, the lack of services, and the chaos of the time cheese was something that fell away and there was little progress in making cheese. Edam and Gouda were made in the Netherlands and France had some of the soft cheeses, but other than that it wasn't in use. By the end of the middle ages it was considered unhealthy.
2nd Answer:
According to the very short article a the link below, the collapse of the West Roman Empire was a period in which there was a reduction in transportation of cheeses, and so the types of cheese produced in most areas became more diverse. The British Cheese Board claims there were 700 kinds of cheese in Britain of the Middle Ages, and probably another 400 each in France and Italy.
The time of reduced transportation ended about the time of the end of the Age of Migrations, at about 700 AD, and for the rest of the Middle Ages there was a general increase in trade.
Cheese was one of the most stable food products of the time, and could be stored for extended periods of time, providing and excellent form of protein. It was favored for most of the Middle Ages for that reason, and was widely eaten by people of all classes.
Some cheeses of the Middle Ages were very much as they are today. A cheese described as Swiss cheese would be was being produced in Switzerland in ancient times, and clearly continued to be produced since. Soft cheeses were produced, probably much like brie. Cheddar is believed to be pretty much as it was. I have seen references to cheese that had mold grown on it, as blue cheese does, from old texts. The fact that cheese was produced locally by small makers probably meant that every imaginable sort of cheese was available in most places.