Pretty well any climate except for the extreme cold environments like in the Arctic and Antarctic, and extreme desert conditions with no water for miles like the Sahara Desert in Africa and even the Mohave in the USA. Cows are otherwise found in hot and moist climates, arid (hot and dry) climates, cool and moist climates, cool and dry climates, and many other climates that are in between each mentioned.
They are out on pasture most of the summer, eating grass, soaking up the sunshine, but mostly eating like they always do. Summer time may be breeding time for some producers, so the bulls (the "male cows") will be courting and servicing (or mating with) the cows (the "female cows"). The calves will also be with their mommas, but they like to frolic in the sunshine, chasing and butting heads with each other, suckling from momma, and trying out the things that she eats.
All over Australis
Their bodies were adapted to colder conditions.
People do not live the same way regardless of the climate, because if it was cold, people would try to be in warmer conditions, and if it was hot, people would try to be in cooler conditions. It would be irregular to be in such conditions, vice versa.
They don't live in a polar climate If they were adaptive to it (that is they had the ability to survive and produce viable offspring in such conditions) they would be living there.
That all depends on where you live, what your soil and vegetation is, climate, size of animals, etc. are.
People who enjoy heat and dry conditions will live in the Mojave desert. This climate is not for everyone however.
The Asian elephant lives in hot dry conditions.
Cows have adapted to live in areas with different climates. For instance there are cows that are accustomed to being in hot and humid climates and others that are best suited for cold climates.
Cows live in a barn.
Climate and topography are important in influencing where people live because they tend to live in places that have favorable conditions. Generally, the people would stay away from places with harsh climate and topography.
A goat can live in several conditions. They thrive in both hot and cold conditions. Goats do not do well in wet conditions or windy conditions.
There are plenty of cows in Sweden.