By colours you mean mutations. Budgies come in many different mutations. This is a good guide to mutations: http://www.budgieplace.com/colors.html
They can be Green, blue, yellow, white, or violet, and most parakeets have black and white stripes somewhere on them.
The white nose is female and the blue nose is male
Colour mutations doesn't really have that much to do with the life expectansy, but the place you buy the bird from. If you mean example budgie colour. If you mean "what species live the longest", I...
Ultraviolet spectrum