Portuguese navigators discovered the island of Mozambique in 1498, during the expedition of Vasco da Gama [c. 1460/1469-December 24, 1524] around southernmost Africa and into the Indian Ocean. Among those who are credited with the island's discovery is Pero Dias, who was the brother of famous navigator Bartolomeu Dias [c. 1450-May 29, 1500]. By the early 16th century, the Portuguese were operating trading centers, missionary bases, and forts on the island. And nowadays the entire island is recognized as one of the UNESCO heritage sites throughout the world.