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To answer this question we have to talk a process called: "Translation". After the "Transcription", that is, the mechanism from where a mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA double helix. The mRNA molecule migrates outside the nucleus to the cytoplasm and specifically to the ribosomes (a complex protein organelles that serve as building machines for new polypeptide molecules). The mRNA molecule carries the specific sequence for the synthesis of the new polypeptide (protein) chain and serves as a "template" for the proper order of the amino acids that will constitute the new protein molecule. To add the amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain are necessary the tRNA molecules (these RNA structures carry a single amino acid that will be added to the growing polypeptide chain). Each tRNA has a specific three-nucleotide sequence (called "anticodon") that recognizes the corresponding three-nucleotide sequence (codon) on the mRNA molecule. Each amino acid monomer (carried by its particular tRNA) is anchored, one by one, to the previous amino acid that was added before by a peptide bond. This mechanism is taken place in a particular region of the ribosome, a cleft that provides the nascent polypeptide's exit path.

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6y ago
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15y ago

We humans cannot make all the amino acids we need in order to build proteins.

We can make some of them (e.g. tyrosine) from others (tyrosine is made by an enzyme acting on another amino acid, phenylalanine).

But we cannot make the others (e.g. phenylalanine), and they are called essential amino acids, because we have to have them in our diet.

The number of essential amino acids depends on age(children need a few more than adults, who can synthesize them) and on our genetic make-up (some diseases involve an inability to make an amino acid, which therefore is added to the essential list for that person).

For a more detailed discussion, visit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acid

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6y ago

When hundreds of amino acids are joined together, that results in the formation of a protein.

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10y ago

Biochemistry.

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10y ago

Proteins.

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14y ago

A ribosome.

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14y ago

tRNA

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Q: How is protein created from amino acids?
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