Africa has a lot of different kind of cultures, but the three important ones are Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa. These three cultures are the most important cultures in Nigeria.
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Africa is one of the largest continents, and has hundreds of different cultures and languages. It is comprised of 53 independent nations, and hundreds of tribal and ethnic groups. A better way to ask this question would be to decide on a particular region or country to investigate. The previous responder provided a good start :)