Latitude and Longitude determine one's location on Earth. Latitude runs East to West in parallel lines, but determines one's location South or North. Longitude does not run in parallel lines, but...
Only the Prime meridian determines time. The International Date Line determines days because it is a separator of Day 1 and Day 2. The equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle...
Latitude and longitude are coordinates designed to specify position (location) very precisely, not necessarily distance between points. There are certainly mathematical methods for doing this, but...