The amount/brightness of light given off by the process used. Shade #4 or 5 when cutting or welding using the Oxy-Fuel process is usually sufficient. Shade #9, 10, or 11 when stick, MIG, or TIG welding depending of the material being welded and Amperage used. Aluminum reflects more heat and light than most other metals so a darker shade may be called for. TIG welding produces less smoke letting more light escape the weld area, darker shade, possibly. A person whose eyes are sensitive to bright light would probably use a darker shade. I've used shades #9, 10, 11, and 12 when welding. The #12 lens when TIG welding on a ships' propeller using 300 to 400 Amps. Water cooled torch, 5/32" Tungsten. A lot of heat/light was reflected from the surface of the metal. Use as dark a shade that still allows you to see clearly. Remember, the higher the number the darker the shade.
If by gas welding you mean-oxyacetylene welding. The difference is just that arc welding requires a darker shade of lens. When oxyfuel gas welding (OFW) usually a shade 5 lens is recommended. When arc welding, a minimum of shade 10 lens should be used (actually shade should be determined by amount of current used).
The helmet holds the lens. Lenses come in different shades (darkness). Use the correct shade. Most welding applications call for a shade #10. TIG weldors usually use a shade #9. Plasma applications can call for a shade #11.
No on most helmets they are at a 5 shade then when turned on they will be a 3 shade lens. They will most likely have a greenish tint to them also.
Depends on multiple factors, amperage, the person and their eyesight, toleration to light. I would suggest you start at shade 10 and work downwards with shade 7 being as low as you go.
which lens filter grades are acceptable when arc welding
green
you will be ok if you waer a welding mask
The welding lens filters out much of the ultra violet light produced by welding.
Emissions from welding can be heat, light, sparks, slag, and smoke. Each one can be hazardous. Work clothes, leather gloves, and boots can help protect you from heat, light, sparks, and slag. A welding helmet with the correct shade lens will protect your face and eyes from heat, light, sparks and some of the smoke. A means to remove the smoke is very important. Inhaling it can cause long term lung problems. The light can be especially dangerous to your eyes and anyone that is exposed to it. It can blind you.
10
No the higher the number the darker the lens. 4 or 5 for gas (oxy/acetylene) welding. 9 for small TIG work and 10 - 11 - 12 for stick welding.
Their radii of curvature and the refractive index of the material of the lens.