What did Charles Darwin do on the Beagles Voyage?

His official position was simply "gentleman companion" to the captain, Robert FitzRoy. FitzRoy specifically sought him out because he was a trained naturalist, and therefore many sources describe Darwin's role as "ship's naturalist."

What he did, as contrasted to his official position, was to make recordings and gather preserved specimens of the natural history of the areas they visited. This includes studies in geology as well as biology.

The mission of the Beagle was to survey harbors and to make accurate measurements of longitudes (which were quite inexact at that time) in South America, the Falkland Islands, the Galapagos Islands, and several points in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

For more information, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_voyage_of_HMS_Beagle

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