They can eat a mixture of high and low quality feeds, just like any other breed they can eat; grains, corn, oat, barley. Roughages including hay, available grasses (timothy, brome grass) etc.
Food containers called troughs or feeder bins or bunks. They can also eat out of bale rings where bales are placed for them to eat. Cattle out on pasture don't eat out of anything. They eat what's in...
They can, but it's not like the cultivar of corn that is grown for human consumption. Corn for cattle is a bit more tougher, doughy and slightly bitter than the sweeter varieties.
Winter oats are a good winter crop for cattle. Visit your local agricultural supply store, they can help you find the right variety for your area and give you planting guidelines.
Most any kind that aren't too bitter nor too coarse. They will eat fresh grass, grass dried as hay, grass chopped up and allowed to ferment as silage, or grass baled up and allowed to ferment as...