Answer:
According to the Survivor Applicant Agreement contract which can be read in full by clicking on the attached link,
"Producers may, in its sole discretion, give consolation cash prizes to each contestant based on the order of each contestant's elimination (ranging in amount in Producer's sole discretion from approximately $2,500 for the first contestant eliminated from the Series to approximately $100,000 for the runner-up to the winner of the Prize) but has no obligation to do so, and, in its sole discretion, may also give additional consolation prizes in cash or in kind to all or some of the contestants, but has no obligation to do so."
An estimate of how the pay scale works out for the castaways would depend on the amount of contestants for the season, but would approximately play out as follows:
$1,000,000 1st Place Sole Survivor
$100,000 2nd Place Runner Up
$50,000 3rd Place
$25,000 4th Place
$20,000 5th Place
$15,000 6th place
$12,000 7th Place
$10,000 8th Place
$9,000 9th place
$8,000 10th Place
$7,000 11th place
$6,000 12th place
$5,000 13th place
$4,000 14th Place
$3,000 15th place
$2,500 16th place Last Place
Additionally, $100,000 is awarded to the fan favorite.