Rear brakes. On some older cars they parking brake actually surrounded the drive shaft and when applied lock the drive shaft in place. Today the parking brake applies the rear brakes.
Usually the rear axle. The parking brakes are also the emergency brakes, and if they were on the front, could render the vehicle unsteerable in an accident avoidance maneuver.
Brakes 'grab' because when pressure is applied to the pedal, a device pumps fluid into a system that has a caliper (a squeezing device) that causes brake pads to squeeze the rotor (round, silver disc...
The basic foundation brakes are the same but the anti-lock is an addition to the basic system. More: Anti-lock brakes have a sensor that will cause the brakes to pulsate when the brakes get near the...