Synagogue comes from a Greek word meaning "assembly," and may have come about in ancient times and been influenced by the Hebrew term בית כנסת, meaning "house of assembly." Other Hebrew names...
A synagogue is the equivalent of a church but it is Jewish. Inside there is the ark which holds the Torah, that's like the bible, and the menorah that covers the Torah. There is a women's and a men's...
Well, being in Stamford Hill you certainly have a lot of choice! Looking on the map, I think Torah Etz Chayim Beth Hamedrash at 100 Fairholt Road is the closest. There used to be Beth Hachnesseth...