In the context of Civil Engineering, especially land surveying, Reduced Level "RL" refers to reducing (or equating) levels (elevations) to a common datum, which is either a real or imaginary location with a nominated elevation of zero.
The most common convenient datum was mean sea level.
On small surveys that require the collection of elevation data the datum can be assumed and for practical purposes it simply needs to be far enough below the survey area to avoid negative numbers, thus the starting point of a survey might be nominated to be RL 100.00
because it is not the actual level of any point rather it is given with reference to some datum. e.g. R. L = 550 m above mean sea level etc.
metres above the mean sea level
Invert Level is the bottom of the pipe, reduced level is the middle of the pipe.
strength will be reduced
In civil engineering, the invert level is the base inside level of a pipe, trench or tunnel the carries liquid, considered the "floor" level. It is used to determine the hydraulic gradient.
Invert Level and Invert Elevation are one in the same. Invert Level = Invert Elevation (IE).
metres above the mean sea level
Invert Level is the bottom of the pipe, reduced level is the middle of the pipe.
A reduced level is the vertical distance between a survey point and the adopted level datum
detail about reduecd level?
You first have to have a reference point, beacon or bench mark - this has a known elelvation, or reduced level in metres above mean sea level (AMSL). (Where MSL = 0). When your helper places the staff (graduated measuring staff like a big ruler) on the reference point, read off the value as observed by you, through the machine you are using (level, theodolite, other electronic instruments) and add this to the level of the reference point. This is called the Collimation height and is basically, the height of your instrument, above the reference point (and in turn, above mean sea level). If you helper then holds the staff on another point of unknown reduced level, you takes the reading of the staff through your instrument, and subtract that from your Collimation height. This will then give you the REDUCED LEVEL of the point. Thus, the REDUCED LEVEL IS A LEVEL, ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL, OF A POINT AS COMPARED AGAINST A REFERENCE POINT OF KNOWN REDUCED LEVEL. Different places will derive their own AMSL system based upon, obviously, their own local, average sea level.
apathy
height of reference point to determine level
If you mean 8/14 then it is 4/7 reduced
If you mean 6/72 then it is 1/12 reduced
If you mean 36/100 then it is 9/25 reduced
That means the engine is running HOT for some reason. Check the thermostat, Radiator and coolant level. Repair as needed.
That means the engine is running HOT. Need to check the coolant level and check for coolant leaks.