The surname "Romanov" has nothing to do with Rome or roman history. Indeed Romanovs' ruled Russia for three hundred four years. It's origins derive from the ruler of ancient "Muscovy", Rurik, also a saint in Russian Orthodoxy. As far as the surname itself, Romanov or Romanof is to Russia as Smith is to North America. It's the name of the former Russian Imperial House. The name comes from Roman who lived in the 16th century.
The origins of his name are not clear, but may have some connection to the Romans. It may mean something like "Roman-like", as in the Italian name Romano.
In "Anastasia Nikolaevna" - (Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova) the middle name means (Daughter of Nicolai) by the way. Nicolai is also a popular Russian name and comes from the Greek, meaning "Victory of the people".
See the attached links for a complete history.
Stephanie Romanov's birth name is Stephanie A. Romanov.
Nikolai Romanov's birth name is Nikolai Romanovitch Romanov.
Ernst Romanov's birth name is Romanov, Ernst Ivanovich.
Aleksey Nikolaeyvitch Romanov's birth name is Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov.
Nicholas II's last name was Romanov. His full name was Nicholas II Alexanderovich Romanov.
Romanov All Russian Tsars after Michael I claimed the name Romanov, and it was politically acknowledged. However, according to the technical laws of descent, the right to the name Romanov was lost after the reign of Catherine the Great due to marriages by Empresses. The legitimate name of the family was Holstein-Gottorp, sometimes called Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov.
Romanov
The Russian royal family
The Imperial or Romanov Eagle.
the Romanov's
Romanov
Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov