You will either, die or not be able to digest in a result of you not being able to go to the toilet.
it is called the small intestine because it is not as thick as the large intestine
The small intestine, while longer than the "large" intestine, is smaller in diameter and circumference, comparatively, to the large intestine.
Because they are smaller then the big intestines. So they are referred to as the small intestine.
Fairly short, some medical conditions require the removal of parts of the small intestine. It is however still necessary for proper digestion, and cannot be removed in it's entirety.