I suppose some might say the birth of Louise Brown, the first "test tube baby" (baby conceived via in vitro fertilization). But there were certainly other ART techniques prior to that event.
Traditionally, urologists were tasked with treatment of male reproductive issues. Nowadays though, doctors tend to take a team approach to managing reproductive problems. The team may include...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_ball
In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the words "health" and "medicine" were synonymous. The so-called "Four Horseman of Fitness"...
Obstetrics and Gynecology is the medical specialty that most closely deals with reproductive and endocrinology of women, though other specialties deal with parts of it as well.