Also called Norton's mechanism, is a method of changing feed rates. You can find it on http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=OauuT-vvKdHQrQeO6rCYBA&id=_wWET38FZqsC&dq=machine+tool+design&q=meander#v=onepage&q&f=false page 101
In a rack and pinion system, a bull gear is typically the last reduction gear in the geartrain. It transmits torque to an output pinion which is in contact with a rack.
This simply refers to where the power comes from. The "driver" would be the gear receiving power from an engine, and the driven gear would refer to what receives that motion.
Bicycles as a rule haven't got reverse gears. There are a few rare 2-speed hubs, where pedalling backwards will engage the lower gear. The bike will still move in the same direction though. In...